Although data from individual subspecies are not available, it appears that P. In captivity individuals typically attain greater weights, with the top weight reaching 80 kg for males and 68 kg for females. In the wild, males weigh between 34 and 70 kg, whereas females are slightly smaller, weighing between 26 and 50 kg. ![]() When standing erect, they are 1 to 1.7 m tall. Range elevation 0 to 2,750 m 0.00 to ftĪdult chimpanzees have a head and body length ranging between 635 and 925 mm.Some populations are known to inhabit primarily savanna habitat. Although they are typically thought of as living in tropical rainforests, they are also found in forest-savanna mosaic environments, as well as in montain forests at elevations up to 2,750 m. ( Nowak, 1999)Ĭhimpanzees utilize a great diversity of habitat types. In the far eastern portion of the range, from the northwestern corner of Zaire into western Uganda and Tanzania, P. troglodytes troglodytes inhabits forested regions. From the Niger river to Congo, in the central portion of the range, P. Pan troglodytes verus occurs in the western portions of the range, from Gambia to the Niger river. There are three recognized subspecies of common chimpanzee. They are found from Gambia in the west to Uganda in the east, excluding the region bordered by the Congo and Lualaba rivers in central Zaire (Congo) where their sister species, bonobos ( Pan paniscus), are found. They are distributed from about 10 degrees N to 8 degrees S, and from 15 degrees W to 32 degrees E. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes) inhabit the tropical forests of central Africa. Isolated qualitative observations of possibly forceful pinch by the thumb and side of the index finger highlight the need for comparative quantitative data to test whether humans are unique in forceful precision gripping capability. The proximal thumb stabilizes food with the flexed index finger against the pull of the teeth and provides leverage in breaking food into portions. Participation of the full thumb in these grips, rather than the distal thumb and fingers, throws light on feeding behaviors that may have become increasingly significant factors in the evolution of derived hominin thumb morphology. ![]() New grips involving the full thumb and buttressed index finger, and a new integrated pattern of grips and forceful hand movements were discovered, associated with feeding on large fruits and meat. It was predicted that (1) new grips would be found that had not been observed in captivity, (2) forceful precision grips would be absent from the repertoire, as in captivity, and (3) precision handling would be observed. Grips and hand movements by 39 chimpanzees were analyzed for arboreal and terrestrial feeding involving 10 food-types and associated vegetation. ![]() To this end, chimpanzee food manipulation was videotaped in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. However, stresses on the hand associated with food retrieval and processing also have been recognized as relevant early hominin behaviors that should be investigated. It has long been assumed that stone tool making was a major factor in the evolution of derived hominin hand morphology.
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